Correct python indentation in Visual Studio Code. See the extension on the VSCode Marketplace and its source code on GitHub.

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Go to%appdata%/vsc-home/widgets or similar; Clone the template and name the directory vschDemo: git clone git@github.com:githrdw/vsch-template.git vschDemo Build and install the widget; cd vschDemo yarn install # or npm install yarn build # or npm build Drag your new widget into the grid. Here we provide an overview of how VSC can help you to work efficiently in pairs. You have two options: You familiarize yourself with the basics of git, a popular version control system to file changes. The source code resides in a public or private code repository hosted on GitHub or another platform. VSC supports git. Both team members can code on their local source code copies and merge their code.

How it works

Every time you press the Enter key in a python context, this extension will parse your python file up to the location of your cursor, and determine exactly how much the next line (or two in the case of hanging indents) should be indented and how much nearby lines should be un-indented.

There are three main cases when determining the correct indentation, described below.

Between bracket pairs

In cases when you have your cursor between an open bracket (one of [({) and its closing bracket pair (the corresponding one of })]), this extension will keep subsequent lines indented just to the right of where it was opened:

Even heavily nested brackets are handled:

In the full example below, default VS Code required nine extra key presses (three tab's, two space's, and four backspace's) to match the automatic indentation of this extension.

Hanging indents

When you have opened a bracket, but not yet inserted any content, pressing Enter will create a hanging indent, matching the base behavior of VS Code.

You can use the setting useTabOnHangingIndent to make it so that when you are done typing you can simply press Tab to be taken to the closing bracket.

If there is content to the right of your cursor when you press Enter, then this extension falls back on just indenting by your set tab size.

If you never want to have the closing bracket end up on its own line (i.e. you always want to just indent by the set tab size), use the keepHangingBracketOnLine configuration setting. Warning: This may cause confusing indentation with function definitions as the argument list and the function code may end up at the same indentation level.

It's not often used, but a backslash to continue a line will also result in the next line being indented.

Keywords

Some keywords in python imply certain indentation behaviors. For example, if there is a return statement, then we know the next line can be un-indented (or dedented) since no statements can follow a return in the same code block. Other keywords that follow the same pattern are pass, break, continue, and raise

Similarly, if there is an else: on the current line, that the current line needs to be dedented, and the next line needs to be indented relative to the new position of the else:. Other keywords that follow the same pattern are elif <stuff>:, except <stuff>:, and finally:. Some examples are shown below.

But if you have manually changed the indentation, then the extension should not change it for you:

Extending comments

If (and only if) you press Enter while your cursor is in the middle of a comment, then the next line will automatically be made into a comment.

Trimming whitespace lines

You can trim whitespace from lines that contain only whitespace by using the trimLinesWithOnlyWhitespace configuration setting (the default is to not trim whitespace in this way). This setting brings the behavior closer to native VSCode behavior.

Why is it needed?

There are many related issues on GitHub ([1], [2], [3], [4], [5]) asking for improved python indentation in VS Code. It seems like the maintainers of the python extension at microsoft are not prioritizing indentation, since there has been no progress in the years since it was first asked for.

Caveats

Known caveats are listed below.

• Using tabs (t) for your indentation will not work.
• If your python code is not correctly formatted, you may not get correct indentation.
• The extension works by registering the Enter key as a keyboard shortcut. The conditions when the shortcut is triggered have been heavily restricted, but there may still be times this extension is unexpectedly overriding Enter behavior.
  • Specifically, vim related plugins seem to require special attention. See the when clause in package.json.

If you experience any problems, please submit an issue, or better yet a pull request.

Release Notes

See the change log.

Developing

See the developer docs for pointers on how to develop this extension.

Introduction

Visual Studio Code (VS Code) has become one of the most popular editors out there for web development. It has gained such popularity thanks to its many built-in features such as source control integration, namely with Git. Harnessing the power of Git from within VS Code can make your workflow more efficient and robust.

In this tutorial, you will explore using Source Control Integration in VS Code with Git.

Prerequisites

To complete this tutorial, you will need the following:

• Git installed on your machine. For more details on accomplishing this, review the Getting Started with Git tutorial.
• The latest version of Visual Studio Code installed on your machine.

Step 1 — Familiarizing with the Source Control Tab

The first thing you need to do to take advantage of source control integration is initialize a project as a Git repository.

Open Visual Studio Code and access the built-in terminal. You can open this by using the keyboard shortcut CTRL + ` on Linux, macOS, or Windows.

In your terminal, make a directory for a new project and change into that directory:

Then, create a Git repository:

Another way to accomplish this with Visual Studio Code is by opening up the Source Control tab (the icon looks like a split in the road) in the left-side panel:

Next, select Open Folder:

This will open up your file explorer to the current directory. Select the preferred project directory and click Open.

Then, select Initialize Repository:

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If you now check your file system, you will see that it includes a .git directory. To do this, use the terminal to navigate to your project directory and list all of the contents:

You will see the .git directory that was created:

Now that the repo has been initialized, add a file called index.html.

After doing so, you’ll see in the Source Control panel that your new file shows up with the letter U beside it. U stands for untracked file, meaning a file that is new or changed, but has not yet been added to the repository:

You can now click the plus icon (+) by the index.html file listing to track the file by the repository.

Once added, the letter next to the file will change to an A. A represents a new file that has been added to the repository.

To commit your changes, type a commit message into the input box at the top of the Source Control panel. Then, click the check icon to perform the commit.

After doing so, you will notice that are no pending changes.

Next, add a bit of content to your index.html file.

You can use an Emmet shortcut to generate an HTML5 skeleton in VS Code by pressing the ! key followed by Tab key. Go ahead and add something in the <body> like a <h1> heading and save it.

In the source control panel, you will see that your file has been changed. It will show the letter M next to it, which stands for a file that has been modified: How to retrieve phone contacts.

For practice, go ahead and commit this change as well.

Now that you’re familiar interacting with the source control panel, you will move on to interpreting gutter indicators.

Step 2 — Intepreting Gutter Indicators

In this step you will take a look at what’s called the “Gutter” in VS Code. The gutter is the skinny area to the right of the line number.

If you’ve used code folding before, the maximize and minimize icons are located in the gutter.

Let’s start by making a small change to your index.html file, such as a change to the content within the <h1> tag. After doing so, you will notice a blue vertical mark in the gutter of the line that you changed. The vertical blue mark signifies that the corresponding line of code has been changed.

Now, try deleting a line of code. You can delete one of the lines in the <body> section of your index.html file. Notice now in the gutter that there is a red triangle. The red triangle signifies a line or group of lines that has been deleted.

Lastly, at the bottom of your <body> section, add a new line of code and notice the green bar. The vertical green bar signifies a line of code that has been added.

This example depicts gutter indicators for a modified line, a removed line, and a new line:

Step 3 — Diffing Files

VS Code also has the ability to perform a diff on a file. Capture one 30. Typically, you would have to download a separate diff tool to do this, so this built-in feature can help you work more efficiently.

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To view a diff, open up the source control panel and double-click a changed file. In this case, double-click the index.html file. You will be brought to a typical diff view with the current version of the file on the left and the previously committed version of the file on the right.

This example shows that a line has been added in the current version:

Step 4 — Working with Branches

Moving to the bottom bar, you have the ability to create and switch branches. If you take a look at the very bottom left of the editor, you should see the source control icon (the one that looks like a split in the road) followed most likely by master or the name of the current working branch.

To create a branch, click on that branch name. A menu should pop up giving you the ability to create a new branch:

Go ahead and create a new branch called test.

Now, make a change to your index.html file that signifies you are in the new test branch, such as adding the text this is the new test branch.

Commit those changes to the test branch. Then, click the branch name in the bottom left again to switch back to the master branch.

After switching back to the master branch, you’ll notice that the this is the new test branch text committed to the test branch is no longer present.

Step 5 — Working with Remote Repositories

This tutorial won’t touch on it in-depth, but through the Source Control panel, you do have access to work with remote repositories. If you’ve worked with a remote repository before you’ll notice familiar commands like pull, sync, publish, stash, etc.

Step 6 — Installing Useful Extensions

Not only does VS Code come with lots of built-in functionality for Git, there are also several very popular extensions to add additional functionality.

Git Blame

This extension provides the ability to view Git Blame information in the status bar for the currently selected line.

This may sound intimidating, but not to worry, the Git Blame extension is much more about practicality than it is about making someone feel bad. The idea of “blaming” someone for a code change is less about shaming them, and more about figuring out the right person to ask questions to for certain pieces of code.

As you can see in the screenshot, this extension provides a subtle message related to the current line of code you are working on in the bottom toolbar explaining who made the change and when they made it.

Git History

Although you can view current changes, perform diffs, and manage branches with the built-in features in VS Code, it does not provide an in-depth view into your Git history. The Git History extension solves that issue.

As you can see in the image below, this extension allows you to thoroughly explore the history of a file, a given author, a branch, etc. To activate the Git History window below, right-click on a file and choose Git: View File History:

Additionally, you can compare branches and commits, create branches from commits, and more.

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Git Lens

GitLens supercharges the Git capabilities built into Visual Studio Code. It helps you to visualize code authorship at a glance via Git blame annotations and code lens, seamlessly navigate and explore Git repositories, gain valuable insights via powerful comparison commands, and so much more.

The Git Lens extension is one of the most popular in the community and is also the most powerful. In most ways, it can replace each of the previous two extension with its functionality.

For “blame” information, a subtle message appears to the right of the line you are currently working on to inform you of who made the change, when they made it, and the associated commit message. There are some additional pieces of information that pop up when hovering over this message like the code change itself, the timestamp, and more.

For Git history information, this extension provides a lot of functionality. You have easy access to tons of options including showing file history, performing diffs with previous versions, opening a specific revision, and more. To open up these options you can click the text in the bottom status bar that contains the author who edited the line of code and how long ago it was edited.

This will open up the following window:

This extension is packed with functionality, and it will take a while to take in all that it has to offer.

Conclusion

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In this tutorial, you explored how to use source control integration with VS Code. VS Code can handle many features that previously would have required the download of a separate tool.